Fortunately, most types of thyroid cancer can be diagnosed early and cured completely, but a thorough and comprehensive investigation is necessary. If thyroid cancer is suspected after review of all the information, referral to an experienced thyroid surgeon is recommended.
The usual approach to thyroid cancer is to remove the portion of the thyroid containing the lump, along with most of the remaining thyroid gland and any abnormal lymph nodes. Pre-operative ultrasound by a skilled physician is critical in planning the extent of surgery. If cancer is confirmed, further treatment with radioactive iodine may be necessary.
Radioactive iodine treatment is usually recommended in order to destroy any remaining malignant thyroid cells as well as the "remnant" of normal thyroid tissue that usually remains after surgery. It is also recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence for this disease.
After surgery, thyroid medication (levothyroxine) should be started and the dose carefully adjusted to each patient's unique requirements. This will prevent the development of persistent hypothyroidism and decrease the likelihood of cancer recurrence. Periodic monitoring is supervised by the endocrinologist and should include ultrasound examinations of the neck and testing of a blood protein called thyroglobulin, which is found in normal thyroid cells but can also be produced by thyroid cancer cells. Radioiodine scans have a limited role in long-term follow-up care.
The optimal frequency of additional monitoring studies to be certain the cancer does not recur will be determined by your physician. Fortunately, most types of thyroid cancer are associated with a very good prognosis when diagnosed early and treated by a physician who is familiar with the management of this disease. |